The Export utility can back up logical database objects while the database is open and available for use. It writes a read-consistent view of the database's objects to an operating system file. System audit options are not exported. The Import utility can restore the database information held in previously created Export files. It is the complement utility to Export.
Before you begin using Export, be sure you take care of the following items (described in detail in the following sections):
To use Export, you must run the script catexp.sql
or catalog.sql (which runs catexp.sql) after the
database has been created. catexp.sql or catalog.sql
needs to be run only once on a database.
Ensure there is sufficient disk or tape storage to
write the export file. You can use table sizes to estimate the maximum space
needed:
| |
SELECT SUM(BYTES) FROM USER_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_TYPE='TABLE';
Verify that you have the required access privileges. To use Export, you
must have the CREATE SESSION privilege on an Oracle database.
To export tables owned by another user, you must have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE
role enabled. This role is granted to all DBAs. |
The following provides examples of the different types of Export sessions
Only users with the DBA role or the EXP_FULL_DATABASE
role can export in full database mode. In this example, an entire database
is exported to the file dba.dmp with all GRANTS
and all data. |
exp SYSTEM/
passwordFULL=y FILE=dba.dmp GRANTS=y ROWS=y
User mode exports can be used to back up one or more database users. For
example, a DBA may want to back up the tables of deleted users for a period
of time. User mode is also appropriate for users who want to back up their
own data or who want to move objects from one owner to another. In this
example, user scott is exporting his own tables. |
exp scott/tiger FILE=scott.dmp OWNER=scott GRANTS=y ROWS=y COMPRESS=y
| In this example, a DBA exports specified tables for two users. |
exp SYSTEM/password FILE=expdat.dmp TABLES=(scott.emp,blake.dept)
GRANTS=y INDEXES=y
In this example, user blake exports selected tables that he
owns. |
exp blake/paper FILE=blake.dmp TABLES=(dept, manager) ROWS=y COMPRESS=y
The following provides examples of the different types of Import sessions
In this example, using a full database export file, an administrator
imports the dept and emp tables into the scott
schema. |
imp SYSTEM/
passwordFILE=dba.dmp FROMUSER=scott TABLES=(dept,emp)
In this example, a DBA imports all tables belonging to scott
into user blake's account. |
imp SYSTEM/
passwordFILE=scott.dmp FROMUSER=scott TOUSER=blake TABLES=(*)
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