PART 2.3

Panel from "Way-Side Scenes in California," published no earlier than 1854, captioned, Below is represented a Chinese Battle, that was fought on "Five Cent Gulch, Weaverville, Trinity County, California. It originated in sectional hatred and clannish differences brought from the native land, which gradually increased, so that a;; endeavors by their leaders or Americans to settle them amicably were in vain. Preparations were progressing, weapons the most singular were made, such as double handed swords seven feet long; lances with large hooks near the head; fork handles ten feer long, having three-tined forks, about fifteen inches across the points' shields two feet six inches long, and about twenty inches wide, made of inch pine covered with tin' hand swords, dirks, etc.; all very rude, and made at the blacksmith shops in town, at considerable expeense. On the afternoon of July 15th, 1854, the two factions assembled, – one called the "small party" numbering about one hundred and thirty, and the other called the "large party," numbering nearly four hundred, – their banners were flying, and the parties were ranged on opposite side of the gulch. Much defiant language was used, and some slight manoeveres were made. At length the small party charged upon the large one, and amid shouts and cheers from many hundreds of Americans, who stood upon the hill side to witness the battle, the small party put the others to flight, capturing their flag as a trophy of war, and killing eight of their opponents, losing but two on their own side. An excited Swede fired at random among the combatants was shot down by some one behind. On Sunday, the large party collected their dead together and burned them, as do the Indians, then burying the ashes. The small party buried theirs with all the imposing ceremonies of war, walking in funeral process with music and banners to the grave. Charles Christian Nahl, artist; Anthony & Baker, engraver; James Mason Hutchings, publisher. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco8136)

Detail from "Hutchings' California scenes, methods of mining," about 1855, James Mason Hutchings, publisher; Charles Christian Nahl, artist; T.C. Boyd, engraver. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, BANC PIC 1963.002:0054-A) (vco61011)

Detail from "Hutchings' California scenes, methods of mining," about 1855, James Mason Hutchings, publisher, Charles Christian Nahl, artist, T.C. Boyd, engraver. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, BANC PIC 1963.002:0054-A) (vco61011)

"Celestial empire in California: Miners ... Lith. & published by Britton & Rey; Cornr Monty & Cala Sts, San Francisco." (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley, BANC PIC 1963.002:0011-A) (vco61013)

"Celestial empire in California: Gamblers ... Lith. & published by Britton & Rey; Cornr Monty & Cala Sts, San Francisco." (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley, BANC PIC 1963.002:0011-A) (vco61013)

"View of San Francisco harbor ... ca. 1855." (Daguerreotype Collection/Papers of the David D. Porter Family, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division) (vco61015)

"Rix Family House, Market Street, San Francisco, c. 1855, whole-plate by Robert H. Vance. The large family of Judge Alfred A. Rix poses proudly on the porch of their new home at 640 Market Street in this image dated 20 August 1855. A note accompanying the daguerreotype identies everyone in the scene: 'Judge and Mrs. Rix, Aunt Claire, Uncle Dunstan, Uncle Hale, baby Edward in the buggy, Julian and his dog.'" (The Daguerreian Society, www.daguerre.org) (vco72406)

"At San Pedro Post, Cala," 1855, drawing by James Madison Alden. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco81313)

U.S. Military Post, Benicia, United States Pacific Railway Explorations and Surveys, 1855. (Barry Lawrence Ruderman, Old Historic Maps & Prints, www.raremaps.com, #3197) (vco0040)

View of Benicia From The West, United States Pacific Railway Explorations and Surveys, 1855. (Barry Lawrence Ruderman, Old Historic Maps & Prints, www.raremaps.com, #0047) (vco0041)

"Where the gold comes from," artist Francis Samuel Marryat; J. Brandard, J., lithographer; M. & N. Hanhart, printer, about 1855. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco81307)

Lola Montez (Oakland Museum of California) (vco61401)

"View of Sacramento, California from Across the Sacramento River," by George Tirrell, 1855-60, oil on canvas. (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)

"Fort Gunny Bags, headquarters of the Vigilante Committee in the 1850s. Vigilante bell on top of building." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco3311o)

Detail of vc20018: "Fort Gunny Bags, headquarters of the Vigilante Committee in the 1850s. Vigilante bell on top of building." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley)

"Sharpshooters of the Vigilante Committee. May 15, 1856." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco3311q)

Detail of vc20014: "Sharpshooters of the Vigilante Committee. May 15, 1856." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley)

"Executions of Casey & Cora, by the San Francisco Vigilance Committee May 22nd, 1856," Britton & Rey, publisher. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco81315)

"Jenny Lind Theatre; capture of the Law and Order Armory by armed attack of the Vigilante Committee. June 21, 1856." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco3311p)

David Colbreth Broderick (1820-1859). "A U.S. Senator who vehemently opposed slavery and its supporters, Broderick was challenged to a duel by one of his opponents, California Chief Justice David S. Terry, in which Broderick was mortally wounded." (California Faces: Selections from the Bancroft Library Portrait Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco0021)

"Judah, Theodore Dehone, 1826-1863. Railway engineer who came to California to build a railway from Sacramento to Folsom. He wanted to build a transcontinental railroad and was later a partner and founder of the Central Pacific Railroad Co." (California Faces: Selections from The Bancroft Library Portrait Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco53003)

"Scotts Bar, 1857, Siskiyou County, Cal," Kuchel & Dresel, lithographer and publisher; Britton & Rey, printer. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco81309)

"United States. Dept. of the Interior. Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey, 1857 ... v. 1 - Diegueño Indians [book illustration]. Artist: Arthur Schott" (California Cornerstones: Selected Images from The Bancroft Library Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (dieg1)

"Blessing of the Enriqueta Mine," 1860, oil on canvas, by Alexander Edouart. (Oakland Museum of California/Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco81303)

"Stanford, Leland, 1824-1893. New York-born founder of the Republican Party in California who became governor (1862-1863), president of the Central Pacific Railroad, and a U.S. Senator in 1885. He founded Stanford University in Palo Alto, named for his son, Leland Stanford, Jr., who died at age 15. He trained horses as a hobby, and commissioned Eadweard Muybridge to take photographs of them as part of his animal locomotion studies." {California Faces: Selections from The Bancroft Library Portrait Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco53033)

Charles B. Gifford, artist and lithographer, San Francisco, 1862, from Russian Hill, looking north, view of city between Jones and Stockton Streets, Meiggs Wharf, San Francisco Bay, and Alcatraz and Angel islands in distance. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, The Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (cc207)

"Speech by Starr King at the corner of Montgomery, Post, and Market Streets, for the Union. 1861 or 1862." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco3311n)

Detail of vc20020: "Speech by Starr King at the corner of Montgomery, Post, and Market Streets, for the Union. 1861 or 1862." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley)

"Brigadier General James H. Carleton [right] and "Kit Carson" [left] ... Reproduction from a group photograph in `History of New Mexico,' Vol 2, p. 208, by R.E. Twitchell. (Photographic Arts Laboratories, San Francisco.)" (California Faces: Selections from the Bancroft Library Portrait Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco0025)

Lotta (Charlotte Mignon) Crabtree, about 1864. "Her father, John Crabtree, came from New York seeking gold, sent for his family in 1853, and moved to Grass Valley. A few doors away lived Lola Montez, the Countess Landsfeldt, who began to teach young Lotta to sing and dance. The Crabtree family moved to San Francisco in 1856, when she was nine, and by 12 she was known as 'Miss Lotta, the San Francisco Favorite.' She clearly invested her earnings, and at age 22 purchased San Francisco real estate to begin a fortune valued at $4,000,000 at the time of her death in 1924." (Museum of the City of San Francisco) (vco72410)

Lotta Crabtree, about 1864, detail of vc20083. (Museum of the City of San Francisco) (vco72410)

"Pacific Mail Steamship Company docks at the foot of Brannan Street. Paddlewheeler in the foreground is the Senator; Colorado in the background; trans-Pacific ships. 1864." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco3311s)

Detail of vc20010: "Pacific Mail Steamship Company docks at the foot of Brannan Street. Paddlewheeler in the foreground is the Senator; Colorado in the background; trans-Pacific ships. 1864." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley)

Ophir Quartz Mill, Grass Valley, published by Lawrence & Houseworth, Opticians, between 1864 and 1867. (Western History/Genealogy Department, Denver Public Library, X-61468) (dpl007)

	Panel from "Way-Side Scenes in California," published no earlier than 1854, captioned, Below is represented a Chinese Battle, that was fought on "Five Cent Gulch, Weaverville, Trinity County, California. It originated in sectional hatred and clannish differences brought from the native land, which gradually increased, so that a;; endeavors by their leaders or Americans to settle them amicably were in vain. Preparations were progressing, weapons the most singular were made, such as double handed swords seven feet long; lances with large hooks near the head; fork handles ten feer long, having three-tined forks, about fifteen inches across the points' shields two feet six inches long, and about twenty inches wide, made of inch pine covered with tin' hand swords, dirks, etc.; all very rude, and made at the blacksmith shops in town, at considerable expeense. On the afternoon of July 15th, 1854, the two factions assembled, – one called the "small party" numbering about one hundred and thirty, and the other called the "large party," numbering nearly four hundred, – their banners were flying, and the parties were ranged on opposite side of the gulch. Much defiant language was used, and some slight manoeveres were made. At length the small party charged upon the large one, and amid shouts and cheers from many hundreds of Americans, who stood upon the hill side to witness the battle, the small party put the others to flight, capturing their flag as a trophy of war, and killing eight of their opponents, losing but two on their own side. An excited Swede fired at random among the combatants was shot down by some one behind. On Sunday, the large party collected their dead together and burned them, as do the Indians, then burying the ashes. The small party buried theirs with all the imposing ceremonies of war, walking in funeral process with music and banners to the grave. Charles Christian Nahl, artist; Anthony & Baker, engraver; James Mason Hutchings, publisher. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco8136)
	Detail from "Hutchings' California scenes, methods of mining," about 1855, James Mason Hutchings, publisher; Charles Christian Nahl, artist; T.C. Boyd, engraver. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, BANC PIC 1963.002:0054-A) (vco61011)
	Detail from "Hutchings' California scenes, methods of mining," about 1855, James Mason Hutchings, publisher, Charles Christian Nahl, artist, T.C. Boyd, engraver. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, BANC PIC 1963.002:0054-A) (vco61011)
	"Celestial empire in California: Miners ... Lith. & published by Britton & Rey; Cornr Monty & Cala Sts, San Francisco." (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley, BANC PIC 1963.002:0011-A) (vco61013)
	"Celestial empire in California: Gamblers ... Lith. & published by Britton & Rey; Cornr Monty & Cala Sts, San Francisco." (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley, BANC PIC 1963.002:0011-A) (vco61013)
	"View of San Francisco harbor ... ca. 1855." (Daguerreotype Collection/Papers of the David D. Porter Family, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division) (vco61015)
	"Rix Family House, Market Street, San Francisco, c. 1855, whole-plate by Robert H. Vance. The large family of Judge Alfred A. Rix poses proudly on the porch of their new home at 640 Market Street in this image dated 20 August 1855. A note accompanying the daguerreotype identies everyone in the scene: 'Judge and Mrs. Rix, Aunt Claire, Uncle Dunstan, Uncle Hale, baby Edward in the buggy, Julian and his dog.'" (The Daguerreian Society, www.daguerre.org) (vco72406)
	"At San Pedro Post, Cala," 1855, drawing by James Madison Alden. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco81313)
	U.S. Military Post, Benicia, United States Pacific Railway Explorations and Surveys, 1855. (Barry Lawrence Ruderman, Old Historic Maps & Prints, www.raremaps.com, #3197) (vco0040)
	View of Benicia From The West, United States Pacific Railway Explorations and Surveys, 1855. (Barry Lawrence Ruderman, Old Historic Maps & Prints, www.raremaps.com, #0047) (vco0041)
	"Where the gold comes from," artist Francis Samuel Marryat; J. Brandard, J., lithographer; M. & N. Hanhart, printer, about 1855. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco81307)
	Lola Montez (Oakland Museum of California) (vco61401)
	"View of Sacramento, California from Across the Sacramento River," by George Tirrell, 1855-60, oil on canvas. (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)
	"Fort Gunny Bags, headquarters of the Vigilante Committee in the 1850s. Vigilante bell on top of building." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco3311o)
	Detail of vc20018: "Fort Gunny Bags, headquarters of the Vigilante Committee in the 1850s. Vigilante bell on top of building." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley)
	"Sharpshooters of the Vigilante Committee. May 15, 1856." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco3311q)
	Detail of vc20014: "Sharpshooters of the Vigilante Committee. May 15, 1856." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley)
	"Executions of Casey & Cora, by the San Francisco Vigilance Committee May 22nd, 1856," Britton & Rey, publisher. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco81315)
	"Jenny Lind Theatre; capture of the Law and Order Armory by armed attack of the Vigilante Committee. June 21, 1856." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco3311p)
	David Colbreth Broderick (1820-1859). "A U.S. Senator who vehemently opposed slavery and its supporters, Broderick was challenged to a duel by one of his opponents, California Chief Justice David S. Terry, in which Broderick was mortally wounded." (California Faces: Selections from the Bancroft Library Portrait Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco0021)
	"Judah, Theodore Dehone, 1826-1863. Railway engineer who came to California to build a railway from Sacramento to Folsom. He wanted to build a transcontinental railroad and was later a partner and founder of the Central Pacific Railroad Co." (California Faces: Selections from The Bancroft Library Portrait Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco53003)
	"Scotts Bar, 1857, Siskiyou County, Cal," Kuchel & Dresel, lithographer and publisher; Britton & Rey, printer. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco81309)
	"United States. Dept. of the Interior. Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey, 1857 ... v. 1 - Diegueño Indians [book illustration]. Artist: Arthur Schott" (California Cornerstones: Selected Images from The Bancroft Library Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (dieg1)
	"Blessing of the Enriqueta Mine," 1860, oil on canvas, by Alexander Edouart. (Oakland Museum of California/Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco81303)
	"Stanford, Leland, 1824-1893. New York-born founder of the Republican Party in California who became governor (1862-1863), president of the Central Pacific Railroad, and a U.S. Senator in 1885. He founded Stanford University in Palo Alto, named for his son, Leland Stanford, Jr., who died at age 15. He trained horses as a hobby, and commissioned Eadweard Muybridge to take photographs of them as part of his animal locomotion studies." {California Faces: Selections from The Bancroft Library Portrait Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco53033)
	Charles B. Gifford, artist and lithographer, San Francisco, 1862, from Russian Hill, looking north, view of city between Jones and Stockton Streets, Meiggs Wharf, San Francisco Bay, and Alcatraz and Angel islands in distance. (Robert B. Honeyman, Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material, The Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (cc207)
	"Speech by Starr King at the corner of Montgomery, Post, and Market Streets, for the Union. 1861 or 1862." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco3311n)
	Detail of vc20020: "Speech by Starr King at the corner of Montgomery, Post, and Market Streets, for the Union. 1861 or 1862." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley)
	"Brigadier General James H. Carleton [right] and "Kit Carson" [left] ... Reproduction from a group photograph in `History of New Mexico,' Vol 2, p. 208, by R.E. Twitchell. (Photographic Arts Laboratories, San Francisco.)" (California Faces: Selections from the Bancroft Library Portrait Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco0025)
	Lotta (Charlotte Mignon) Crabtree, about 1864. "Her father, John Crabtree, came from New York seeking gold, sent for his family in 1853, and moved to Grass Valley. A few doors away lived Lola Montez, the Countess Landsfeldt, who began to teach young Lotta to sing and dance. The Crabtree family moved to San Francisco in 1856, when she was nine, and by 12 she was known as 'Miss Lotta, the San Francisco Favorite.' She clearly invested her earnings, and at age 22 purchased San Francisco real estate to begin a fortune valued at $4,000,000 at the time of her death in 1924." (Museum of the City of San Francisco) (vco72410)
	Lotta Crabtree, about 1864, detail of vc20083. (Museum of the City of San Francisco) (vco72410)
	"Pacific Mail Steamship Company docks at the foot of Brannan Street. Paddlewheeler in the foreground is the Senator; Colorado in the background; trans-Pacific ships. 1864." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley) (vco3311s)
	Detail of vc20010: "Pacific Mail Steamship Company docks at the foot of Brannan Street. Paddlewheeler in the foreground is the Senator; Colorado in the background; trans-Pacific ships. 1864." (Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley)
	Ophir Quartz Mill, Grass Valley, published by Lawrence & Houseworth, Opticians, between 1864 and 1867. (Western History/Genealogy Department, Denver Public Library, X-61468) (dpl007)